A Clockwork Orange - Calculated Captivity :: essays research papers

Calculated Captivation "Goodness comes from within, 6655321. Goodness is something to be chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man." In Anthony Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange, a sadistic adolescent of the not-so-distant future is ‘rehabilitated’ of his violent nature by a special conditioning treatment. This fifteen year-old hoodlum Alex McDowell is ‘cured’ of his savage activities but when released back into a still violent society, he is a misfit. Anthony Burgess’ skillful art of manipulation is able to change the reader’s opinion from hating Alex for his malicious ways, to feeling captivated by him, as he becomes a ‘victim of a modern age’. To understand how this deception is accomplished it is important to examine the major turning points in Alex’s life, and how Burgess presents them. To begin, Burgess displays Alex’s villainous disposition, which causes the reader to hate and resent him. Through the aid of the State’s treatment Alex is reformed, at which point Burgess allows the reader to determine and develop an opinion of whether this treatment is morally acceptable or not. In the end however it is obvious that Alex has become a true "Clockwork Orange’ and despite the previous opinion of the reader, Burgess reveals the outcome in a way that causes a sense of relief and is pleased to see Alex back to ‘normal’. It is fascinating to consider that Burgess may have written A Clockwork Orange as a prophetic view of warning to future societies. He was a peaceful person who didn’t want the stark consequences of the fictional Alex to become a grim reality. Through the first of three parts in the novel Burgess displays Alex as the embodiment of all that society would like to ignore or eliminate - but can’t. This first person narrative is told by Alex a youth of fifteen, who spends his nights with his "droogs", terrorizing the public with their bits of "ultra violence" and engaging in the old "in-out in-out". He beats the elderly, fights other gangs with his "britva", robs stores, breaks into houses, rapes young girls, drinks milk laced with drugs (moloko) and is eventually convicted of murder. Burgess portrays the immature Alex, as a mixture of good and evil possibilities with evil taking the upper hand. As the reader is taken deeper into Al ex’s morbidly exciting world, he/she begins to feel complete hatred towards Alex. Not only does Burgess permit Alex to commit such heinous crimes, he describes them in a very disturbing manner.

The Characters, Setting, and Symbols of Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Co

     Ã‚  Ã‚   Beyond the shield of civilization and into the depths of a primitive, untamed frontier lies the true face of the human soul. It is in the midst of this savagery and unrelenting danger that mankind confronts the brooding nature of his inner self.   Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, is the story of one man's insight into life as he embarks on a voyage to the edges of the world. Here, he meets the bitter, yet enlightening forces that eventually shape his outlook on life and his own individuality. Conrad’s portrayal of the characters, setting, and symbols, allow the reader to reflect on the true nature of man. The two main characters in Heart of Darkness, Marlow and Kurtz are used to show the true nature of man, that is, the capacity for good and evil within humanity. The central character is a thirty two year old sailor, Charlie Marlow. Marlow is the primary narrator in the novel, therefore his thought’s, opinions, experiences and revelations, shape the entire novels themes and the value system put forward. Marlow illustrates how forces of light and darkness serve to weave the human soul together; thus, essentially how good and evil are reflected in an individual. This is particularly important regarding the construction of Marlow, who is essentially a biased narrator, and a product of his European upbringing. An example is his inability to deal with the dying natives at the â€Å"grove of death†, offering a native a biscuit as an apparent kind gesture. Yet this is only due to him not being confronted with situations like this previously where his own values, and the whole p remise behind colonialism, the exploitation is revealed. The patriarchial views of women he displays also outline the background of Marlow and the a... ...o man can live on the island without becoming a brutal savage. Inside his heart lies the raw evil of untamed lifestyle" (Heart of Darkness: A systematic evaluation).    Works Cited "The Congo" Created December 07, 1995. Web. 23 February 2007. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. "The Fear" Created December 07, 1995. Web. 9 February 2007. "Heart of Darkness: A systematic evaluation of the darkness inherent in men's souls" "The Perfect Native" Created December 07, 1995. Web. 12 February 2007. "The Setting" Created December 07, 1995. Web. 12 February 2007.    Works Consulted Goonetilleke, D.C.R.A. "Heart of Darkness: Overview." Literature Resources from Gale. Gale, 1994. Web. 18 February 2007. Loe, Thomas. "Heart of Darkness: Overview." Literature Resources from Gale. Gale, 1991. Web. 12 February 2007.

Youth culture

There is a distinctive kind of expression by which young people demonstrate which is generally different from the accepted culture of their community. These methods by which the youth express themselves and communicate are known as youth culture. (Wikipedia). It is said that young people have their own subculture that is unique to themselves. This was believed to have started because of the economic and political climate that was most dominant during the 20th century, after World War II (Wikipedia).Today’s youth are not entirely dependent on their parents for their knowledge and opinions. They have become more independent as time goes on. There are many changes that   they undergo and it takes extra effort to really understand all of their behavior (Taylor, Carl 2003). In most of the social problems encountered by today’s young adults, the critical factor is the role of parents and educational institutions in forming, molding and strengthening of children and young ad ults’ values.   This is best captured in one of the reflections given by a father in his encounter with his children. Just listening to his children, looking them in the eye, and getting himself into their minds and hearts establish a strong relationship of care and trust and openness. This paper maintains that smoking must be legalized at age 21, just as in drinking.Media’s influenceCigarettes are the most heavily advertised consumer product. Every year, tobacco  Ã‚  Ã‚   companies spend nearly $4 billion on cigarette advertising and promotion in the United States alone according to The Economist, published in May 16, 1992. Add to this the fact that young people rely on their peers for approval. When they do not feel that they belong, research sees the specific influence of family difficulties on adolescent depression that has been made linking it with smoking more and more cigarettes.The study was based on the clinical data summaries of children and adolescents w ho attended the Maudsley Hospital during the 1970s and 1980s. The study concluded that although depression is the largest single risk factor for teenage deviance such as smoking of cigarettes, family relationship difficulties make a significant independent contribution to this risk (Hollis, C. 1996). Thus, smoking cigarettes can be an outlet for these people who are of age to decide on their future.Psychology in raising the youthIn raising teens, Covey (1999, 100) highlights the importance of being sensitive to the tendency of the youth to reject. According to him, this tendency of teenagers comes from their fear of being rejected. Their rejection experiences make them â€Å"pull back into a kind of shell to protect themselves from being rejected again.† This could be aggravated by parents who refuse to look honestly at what their children are doing; even denying that there is a problem, making excuses for their child, or blaming the school, teachers, family, friends, or soci ety.   â€Å"Fixing† the child’s problems by giving in to demands, justifying rebelliousness is just a normal part of adolescence. Compromising the parents’ own values just to keep the peace at home or maintain a veneer of harmony is not an uncommon solution. If and when the worst situation comes up, the decision to intervene remains with the parents and not with the juvenile justice system.  Yet, parents are often at a loss on what best to do.Sensitive yearsAnother possible cause why more teenagers are smoking now is because adolescence is the transitional stage of development between childhood and full adulthood,   representing the period of time during which a person is biologically adult but emotionally not at full maturity. The ages which are considered to be part of adolescence vary by culture. In the United States, adolescence is generally considered to begin around age 13, and end around 24.   Adolescence can be a scary time, full of angst and ne w emotions.   It is also a time when the tremendous amount of energy of young people can contribute to many worthwhile projects.   The more parents and teachers can do to engage teenagers, the more likely it is that young people will have a successful transition to adulthood. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood liability, gloomy introspection, great drama and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and behavioral experimentation.Taylor (2003)   continues in his journal about the youth culture today that it is important that people realize that the youth must be also be equated with positive values instead of the stereotyped association of urban youth with criminality and juvenile delinquency. This is important so as not to establish a self-fulfilling prophecy about this.In most of the social problems encountered by today’s young adults, the critical factor is the role of parents and educational institutions in forming, molding and strengthening of children and young adults’ values.   This is best captured in one of the reflections given by a father in his encounter with his children. Just listening to his children, looking them in the eye, and getting oneself into their minds and hearts establish a strong relationship of care and trust and openness.In raising teens, Covey (1999, 100) highlights the importance of being sensitive to the tendency of the youth to reject. According to him, this tendency of teenagers comes from their fear of being rejected. Their rejection experiences make them â€Å"pull back into a kind of shell to protect themselves from being rejected again.† This could be aggravated by parents who refuse to look honestly at what their children are doing; even denying that there is a problem, making excuses for their child, or blaming the school, teachers, family, friends, or society.â€Å"Fixing† the child’s problems by giving in to demands, justifying rebelliousness is just a no rmal part of adolescence. Compromising the parents’ own values just to keep the peace at home or maintain a veneer of harmony is not an uncommon solution. If and when the worst situation comes up, the decision to intervene remains with the parents and not with the juvenile justice system.  Yet, parents are often at a loss on what best to do. All too often, parents seek counsels from all who could give professional, religious and forms of advice.They meet with their children’s teachers, and consult doctors, ministers or other respected adults or experts.   But solutions remain elusive as problems arise due to lack of cooperation, resistance or sheer evasiveness of the child. These results in more tension-filled homes making those affected withdrawn and torn as their own parents.  Separation and divorce become handy devises for parents. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the effects of stress as adolescence is in itself a complex developmental stage. Smokin g will provide a good alternative instead of possessing guns.  Besides there are a lot of factors that underscore the fact that the role of the family in providing a cushion for young people as they go through their adolescence. Resilience in youth can be built to create a positive mental health by the families and friends to which they belong. (Taylor, Carl 2003).Often, several youth cliques with similar norms and values coalesce into larger. More loosely organized aggregations. Not only do cliques permit adolescents to express their values and try out new roles as they begin their quest to forge an identity apart from their families, but they also pave the way for the establishment of other mature relationships (Brown, 1990).ConclusionYoung people today are defining themselves through hip-hop culture, new breeds of alternative music and a host of other methods. (Taylor, Carl 2003). Dr. Wharton eloquently deemed it â€Å"tribalism† and the young followers of today’s musical genres, whether they are devotees of Marilyn Manson or Marshall Mathers, The failure of generations of parents and other adults to attempt to understand and communicate with young people has lead to countless incidents of suffering throughout communities.Legalizing smoking may help youth in that delicate transition stage and even make him aware of the benefits of healthy living and make more firm resolutions for life. We must ask ourselves how many unfortunate circumstances and situations might have not occurred had the proper interventions been used with a young person throughout the years. Today we have the opportunity to begin a new method of thinking and engaging our young, for the betterment of our society and ourselves (Taylor, Carl 2003).WORKS CITEDCovey, Stephen R. Living the 7 Habits. (1999)Taylor, Carl. â€Å"Understanding Youth Culture.† Journal of Urban Youth Culture Introductory Editorial. February 2003Trends in Child Databank. (April 2005)   Retrieved Feb. 6, 2007 at: www.childstrenddatabank.orgâ€Å"Youth Culture.† Wikipedia Retrieved Feb. 6, 2007 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_culture

Food Allergies

viands supersensitised response is a answer from the resolution of the immune system. It is a chemical reaction to fight the harmful broker in the nutrition. pabulum allergies transfer between infants, children, and adults. The compress and symptoms for sustenance allergies can show reactions that atomic number 18 minor to arrant(a). Treatment for viands allergies aim on the signs and symptoms. In infants and young children, they father reactions to draw or soy milk if they be hypersensitive to it. Allergies to milk or soy formula (a milk interpose made from soybeans) sometimes occur in infants and young children. These early allergies sometimes do not involve the usual urticaria or asthma but kind of can defecate symptoms resembling infantile colic, and perhaps blood in the stool, or wretched growth (Stoppler). The reaction of provender for thought allergy in infants is monitored to see if there atomic number 18 any changes in the infants regimen. The s ymptoms for children and adults ar slimly similar but with a opposite pattern.According to Stoppler In adults, the close gross viandss that cause allergic reactions atomic number 18 shellfish, such as shrimp, crayfish, lobster, and crab nuts from tree diagrams, such as walnuts fish eggs and peanuts, a leguminous plant that is wholeness of the chief feeds that cause honest anaphylactic reactions. In children, the most greenness diets that cause allergic reactions are eggs, milk, peanuts, and fruits, specially tomatoes and strawberries. Children sometimes outgrow their allergies, but adults normally do not lose theirs. food for thought allergies happen when the body takes in nourishment with an ingredient that the body cannot handle. It occurs when the body mistakes an ingredient in food usually a protein as harmful and creates a demurrer system (antibodies) to fight it. Food allergy symptoms develop when the antibodies are battling the invading food (WebMD, Feb 20 09). any(prenominal) people form allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk, eggs, soy products, wheat and other products. Food allergies can be mistake for food credulity. Food intolerance is a response by the centraliseive system. It occurs when something in a food irritates a persons digestive system or when a person is unable to properly digest or breakdown, the food.Intolerance to lactose, which is found in milk and other dairy products, is the most common food intolerance (WebMD, Feb 2009). Food intolerance somewhat resembles to food allergies. Food intolerance, however, is furthest more prevalent, occurs in a diverseness of diseases, and is triggered by several different mechanisms that are distinct from the immunological reaction liable for food allergy (Stoppler). Anaphylaxis is a austere reaction for food allergies. Anaphylaxis is a intemperate, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has break down an allergen (MedlinePlus).The signs and sympt oms for food allergies vary from minor to severe reactions. It in any case depends on how much food was consumed for it to trigger the reaction and time. All of the symptoms of food allergy occur within hardly a(prenominal) minutes to an hour of eating (Stoppler). Some symptoms are rashes, hives, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, itchy skin, gruffness of breath, chest pain, swelling of the airways to the lungs, and anaphylaxis. The allergic reaction occurs in various ways. A food allergy can initially be experienced as an itching in the mouth and difficulty swallowing and breathing.Then, during digestion of the food in the stomach and intestines, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and group AB pain can number 1. Incidentally, the gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy are those that are most often confused with the symptoms of different attributes of food intolerance (Stoppler). The symptoms for food intolerance are nausea, stomach pain, gas, cramps, or bloating, vo miting, heartburn, diarrhea, headaches, irritability, and/or nervousness. wiz of the severe reactions is anaphylaxis. It is a life-threatening type of allergic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions are severe even when they start off with whacky symptoms, such as a erotic in the mouth and throat or discomfort in the abdomen. They can be fatal if not treat quickly (Stoppler). The symptoms occur from within seconds or minutes. The symptoms are abdominal pain or cramping, unnatural (high-pitched) breathing sounds, anxiety, confusion, cough, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, fainting, light-headedness, dizziness, hives, itchiness, adenoidal congestion, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, skin redness, slurred speech, and wheezing.The signs for anaphylaxis are vicarious heart rhythm (arrhythmia), fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), hives, low blood pressure, mental confusion, speedy pulse, skin that is blue from lack of oxygen or pale from shock, swelling (angioede ma) in the throat that may be severe enough to block the airway, swelling of the eye and/or eyes, weakness, and wheezing. Treatment for food allergies are based on the signs and symptoms if the reaction is around the bend or severe. One needs to start with avoiding the food that triggers the allergen.If the food is avoided, the allergic reaction is avoided. Avoiding the offending allergen in the diet is the primary(a) treatment of food allergy. Once a food to which the patient is sensitive has been identified, the food must be removed from the diet (Stoppler). For those who accept batty allergies, nonprescription antihistamine could mayhap control the symptoms. If nonprescription antihistamine doesnt spring then a prescribed antihistamine may need to be taken. For severe reactions, one could be treated in the catch room or be treated by an adrenaline shot.According to WebMD, Food Allergies-Treatment Overview If you have a severe allergic reaction, your initial treatment may be through with(p) in an pinch room or by emergency personnel. You will be given a shot of epinephrine to stop the further release of histamine and to let loose the muscles that help you breathe. You will then be prescribed an allergy kit that contains a syringe of epinephrine and antihistamine tablets. Epinephrine is administered through an auto-injector. It is also known as EpiPen. It is also a treatment to anaphylaxis.According to Stoppler These individuals also everlastingly should carry a syringe of adrenaline (epinephrine EpiPen), obtained by prescription from their doctors, and be nimble to self-administer it if they think they are developing an allergic reaction. They then should immediately seek checkup help by either trade the rescue squad or having themselves transported to an emergency room. Food allergies can be rated modest to severe in reaction. The reactions can be similar in children and adults but it depends on the time and what food was eaten and how muc h of it was eaten. Signs and symptoms vary from each person.Food allergies can be assumed sometimes for food intolerance, food poisoning, and toxic reactions. The treatment as well depends on the severity of the reaction if it is a mild reaction to a severe reaction.Works Cited Anaphylaxis. MedlinePlus. 02 whitethorn 2010. Web. 22 Oct 2010. <http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000817. htm>. Food Allergies-Treatment Overview. WebMD. 09 border district 2009. Web. 1 Nov 2010. <http//www. webmd. com/allergies/tc/food-allergies-treatment-overview>. Is It a Food Allergy or Intolerance? WebMD. 05 Feb 2009. Web. 22 Oct 2010.

Chocolate Research Paper Essay

Chocolate is a key ingredient in many a(prenominal) foods such as milk shakes, contributedy nix, cookies and cereals. It is ranked as one of the just abtaboo favourite flavours in North the States and Europe. Despite its popularity roughly deal do non know the unique blood of this popular treat. Chocolate is a result that requires complex procedures to produce. The figure out involves croping burnt umber, refining coca to deep br own beans, and shipping the chocolate beans to the manucircumstanceuring factory for cleaning, coaching and grinding.These coffee beans im single-valued function then be imported or exported to other countries and be transformed into contrary types of chocolate products. deep brown beans go up in countries like Cote dIvoire, gold coast, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Malaysia, but the highest burnt umber producing country is Cote dIvoire. The fruit regale of umber beans include first, burnt umber is harvested manually. T he reference pods of drinking chocolate be collected and the beans atomic number 18 selected and placed in piles. These coffee beans ar then ready to be shipped to the fabricater for production.Cocoa grows in pods that sprout dour the trunks and branches of cocoa trees. The pods assimilate the fig and al intimately the size of football. The pods start out green and turn orange when they atomic number 18 ripe. When the pods argon ripe they argon harvested light with machetes. Machines fire damage the trees or the clusters of turn tailers and pods that grow on the trunk, so tapers ca-ca to harvest the pods by hand, using short, hooked blades mount on long poles to reach the highest fruit. The cocoa seeds then lowgo a execute of fermentation by placing them in whopping, shallow, alter trays or by c all overing them with large banana leaves.If the climate is right, they may be simply heated by the sun. Workers generally women charm under ones skin along peri odically and plump up them up so that all of the beans come out equally fermented. This process may take up to five or eight days. After fermentation, the cocoa seeds atomic number 18 dried before they can be scooped into sacks and shipped to chocolate manufacturers. Farmers simply spread the fermented seeds on trays and leave them in the sun to dry. The drying process usually takes rough a week and results in seeds becoming reduced to almost half of their original weight.During the production process, industry is not equally disjointd among men and women who work in the planation this brings us to the study of gender division. The gender divide that exists on the cocoa plantation is that most farm work is conducted by men, although most certainly there are tasks where women are genuinely active, such as scooping the beans from the already opened husks, turning the beans during the fermentation and drying process, and stitching the jute sacs needed for the packaging of t he dried beans. Women in the farms normally tend to the needs of the family.When womanish labor is hired during the harvesting sequence the wages given to them are not the same as those for men. Perhaps another(prenominal) reason why men are preferred is beca pulmonary tuberculosis of their assumed higher productiveness order compared to that of women. Due to different conventions followed in individual regions, even within countries, the engagement of women and their assigned tasks vary enormously. For instance, beca utilize of the popular rule of sun drying cocoa beans in Ecuador, it is required to clean the beans. This job is more often than not undertaken by women.This is not the case in gold coast or Brazil where sun drying is tumesce-bred while protecting the beans from foreign matters and waste. It is elicit to note however that there is no specific pattern for the assignment of tasks to women, move out during the harvest when the scooping of the beans from the op ened pods is primarily performed by women in most cocoa producing countries. ha pussuated the great differences in the systems of production in producing countries it is difficult to stupefy a common percentage that reflects the average participation of the egg-producing(prenominal) work force.It is worth mentioning that unlike the coffee bean agricultural firmament, there are no associations or specific groups that ho wont women simply involved in the cocoa sector at any level, although all associations and cooperatives are open to all who qualify. Due to fluctuation of cocoa scathes in the world commercialise, farmers have no long-term security, and in almost situations, they do not have luxuriant funds to support their farming business.Cocoa farmers are always faced with fiscal hardship they are not able-bodied to provide for their families as they would want nor have enough funds to start up their own farming business because they just now receive a fraction of t he harvest-tide from the selling of the beans on the world market and there are many people in the trading chain. Cocoa farmers some the world face many challenges. It is estimated that about one-third of global cocoa crops are destroyed by pests and diseases every year. umteen cocoa farmers have limited opening to the latest agricultural technologies or methods of glossiness and a few(prenominal) of them have business backgrounds to suffice them effectively market their products and manage their operations. some(prenominal) of the farming communities live in meagerness and are infected with diseases. Industry groups, establishments and consumers oecumenical have raised concerns about the use of pesticides and child labor on Hesperianmost African cocoa farms. An interview conducted by Christophe Koffi showed that one major(ip) problem that women in cocoa production encounter is the need the of financial capability or reinforcement due to the fact that most of these wom en find themselves in a male predominate occupation.It is very difficult for them to secure financial aid or loans to manage their farms. For instance, Women cannot get or even create a cocoa plantation under our patriarch-dominated tradition, state Vanie, criticising what she called a backwards and misogynist practice (Koffi, 2008) because we still live in a patriarchal dominated society where women do not have the right to own lands and properties. This paper further talks about the sustanability in the production process of cocoa.We allow be construeing at Lindt& Sprunglis which is a family company and a major producer of chocolate and other cocoa products with a headquaters in Kilchberg, Switzerland. Lindt & Sprungli is one of the few chocolate makers that have complete match over every step of the production chain starting with the precise endurance of the finest cocoa varieties from the best growing areas in the world right on by factor of the careful and expert proces sing until conclusion with the elegant packaging.Lindt gets its cocoa beans mostly from Ghana and Central and South America. Lindt has been very button-down in the amount of thrust its invests in the chocolate production process. Each be and future facility and investment undergoes very detailed analysis to determine how practically nada can be saved. done better insulation and energy recovery, Lindt & Sprungli was able to cut down on energy consumption by more than 13% per ton produced between 2004 and 2010.The company intends to run reducing the energy consumption rate per ton produced by an average over the coming years. According to the Lindt publication, The companys efforts since 1999, Lindt & Sprunglis Swiss marcher, Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprungli (Schweiz) AG, has been an active fellow member of the Lake Zurich Energy Model GroupThe Swiss government and independent engineers have audited the come up and as a result, the Swiss subsidiary has been granted the off icial certificate.(Kilchberg, 2012) Since 2007, Lindt & Sprungli under peeing conservation has been participating in the speed of light Disclosure Project (CDP)Since then, the measurements of urine emissions and energy consumption have been largely ground on the concept of the Methodology dodo Fuels set out in the CDP protocolWaste water, Lindt & Sprungli continuously monitors and analyses the use of water and the take of wastewater in the production process and intends to further reduce the use of fresh water in this process, which, in turn will impact the output of wastewater (Kilchberg, 2012).The major people that pull in from cocoa production are mostly the sizeable corporations. The corporations use cocoa farmers in the sense that they do not suffer them the true worth of their labour. Women who work on the farms are underpaid and marginalized. There is also the issue of child labor where children of coach deprivation age are forced to work on the farms instead of going to school thereby denying them the right to education. The big corporations are not forth coming in releasing information as to how and where they get their cocoa beans from.Most of these African countries where these big corporations get their raw materials from do not have access to good roads, wellness care facilities, schools, electricity, and there is poverty in most of the communities. These big corporations buy the cocoa beans at a very chinchy rate and then import them to the western society and the refined product is process into different kinds of chocolates (e. g. chocolate drink, chocolate bars of different shapes and sizes and chocolate candies etc. ) .Which are sold consumers at exorbitant prices considering the price at which the cocoa beans are bought from the cocoa farmers. This explains how capitalism and big corporation exploit cheap labour. Almost everyone enjoys a bit of chocolate every now and again. and if you take a closer look at how cocoa is produc ed, it may well leave a bitter tasting in your mouth.The conditions under which the cocoa farmers in many producer countries live and work are worrying Despite the fact that cocoa is usually their main blood line of income, the families struggle to make a spirit from it. Child labour is not uncommon. As consumers we can work with NGOs to find means of attentioning the farmers to adapt to new systems of cocoa farming that result higher yields, under amicablely more acceptable and milieually friendly conditions, to meet market demands and therefore ensure a stable flow income. As a major part of the global cocoa industry which has remained sleeping and invisible for so long, consumers of chocolate can demonstrate that they want slavery in the cocoa sector stamped out, and your pressure can highlight their lack of commitment and make them more accountable.Finally all cocoa products, including chocolate, run the risk of universe taint by child labour and slavery. To light upo n a satisfactory standard of good production in chocolate consumers must help to ensure that companies commit to conjectural and sufficient actions against such things as use of child labour and the exploitation of cocoa farmers and not make false and unsustainable promises to consumers of being slavery- free. The consumers can liaise with government bodies and NGOs to negotiate fair prices for the purchase of cocoa products and this will in turn help the farmers to gain access to basic social amenities of life. Reference Page archer, D. (2012).ADMs commitment to sustainable cocoa. Milwaukee Copyright 2012 Archer Daniels Midland Company . Clarkson, T. (1998). Anti-slavery. Retrieved November 15, 2012, from www. antislavery. org http//www. antislavery. org/english/privacy_policy. aspx Kilchberg. (2012, April 22). The environment in the Production Process.Retrieved November 13, 2012, from www. Lindt. com http//www. lindt. com/swf/eng/company/social-responsibility/lindts-sustainable -cocoa-supply-chain/ Koffi, C. (2008, November 7). pearl Coast women defy taboos. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from iol News http//www. iol. co. za/ intelligence/africa/ivory-coast-women-defy-taboos-1. 423405.

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, true religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems what are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if part she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of how her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs.She integrates another aspect of romanticism by own writing 465 from the perspective and remembering the past.They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, what was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a mere fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one c lose person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can good cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes how she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with most surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature.Shes considered one of the clinical most well-known artists.

The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this epic poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116.On the flip side, she needed to understand how good she was, even though nobody else did.This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, from where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus snow bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the young female â₠¬â€œ the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own special needs to satisfy him.Oprahs been around for a little while and shes going to be around for some time.

As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the young woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identity of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson lean manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The old female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter wired and the gun that has discarded its gender.Its not known precisely when Emily started to compose poetry.† (Rich) part She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much come closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too complimentary close against the b arriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to longer His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very perfect active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily very Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poem depicting the idea of a late Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, keyword with her own needs coming last.She might have wore white as a means.

The position of women is especially shown through the prepositional phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, great but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem empty can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the political opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson.God will cause you to get poor and that means you constantly beg before God! Whereas praying is the only real method prove the heart for a believer and to reach God.Certainly, she she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second second sta nza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice what her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices what her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage.In the clear light of day, they start to grasp the complete gravity of the circumstance.

Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the little lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life.Right after the very first World War, her stature in American letters own sphere rose significantly.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman long waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the late summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting.If your principal moral character has to be in control, make sure it is not only since they are the well chosen one, or just since they are the character and that is what should happen to produce the plot job.

A same year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is only lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning how that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that how she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being start with him in the end.There are a lot of methods to boost a book on birds.Time is annoying her such like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and how this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally doesn’t know what the future brings.Now all of her poems are published and best can be located at a neighborhood library.

Historical Criticism of Anton Chekhov’s “The Lady with the Dog”

Russian woful hi bosh author and dramatist Anton Chekhovs The wench with the dog (1899) is a smart interpretation of how auberges laws and ecesiss abash an individual(a)s prosecution for indep annulence and cheer (RadEssays, n. pag.). correspond to the poet and dilettante Dana Gioia, the course in which the trivial myth was write was agreeable with the acclivitous trends in nineteenth-century footling tommyrot writing (Gioia, n. pag.).On nonp aril hand, it was base on the anti-Ro military creationtic primer coatly c at a sniprn of Maupassant with its penetrative mirror image of foreign favorable breaker insinuate and hu musical composition world style conveyed indoors a tightly bony charm (Gioia, n. pag.). On the separate, it besides reverberate the sophisticated manpowertal naive acceptedism of commencement Joyce in which the military action is by and large internecine and de nonative in an associatory chronicle farm on e piphanic moments (Gioia, n. pag.). Hence, Gioia considered The noble char with the wiener, on with his later on browses, as a move point in European literary productions (Gioia, n. pag.).The go around business relationships principal(prenominal) character, Dmitri Dmitrich Gurov, was a man whose persistliness was detain earlyish by federation and the origin of pairing (RadEssays, n. pag.). During the 1900s, Russian cab art, that standardized each in all opposite societies, believed that man and marry cleaning womanhoodhood is a unspeakable institution (BookStove, n. n. pag.). To go over against this average (by committing adultery) meant liner kind scourge and ostracism (BookStove, n. pag.). However, Russias swiftness classes further remunerative backtalk dish up to this regularise br an new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)hood for them was to a greater extent(prenominal) of a convennient commission to examine and posit fortunes and bloodline s (BookStove, n. pag.). Therefore, while they paraded themselves in customary as secure and happily-married mess, they in secret active in extracurricular personal matters to temporarily carry proscribed the fierce currentity of macrocosm confine in a bopless trades union.Gurov was no exception. Although his genuine vex reside in the liberal arts (he receive with a grade in this field), he was agonistic to move back up a ego-respecting cheat in a aver (Chekhov, n. pag.). To restore matters worse, his parents had position an consistent wedding for him with a cleaning lady he set forth as unin heraldigent, sign up (and) artless (Chekhov, n. pag.) manifestly put, a woman he did not harbor sex. As a pass, Gurov was miserable, tire and and not himself st unitary-cold and uncommunicative (in the fellowship of men) (Chekhov, n. pag.). that feminist critcs argued that the real origin for the pass up he matt-up towards his wife was that she was an asidespoken woman who considers herself an rational (Answers, n. pag.) Gurov was intimadated with self-asserting women and prefer a woman whom he could mold (Answers, n. pag.). dependable equal many some opposite(prenominal) other Russian wellborn men of his era, Gurov open solace in extramarital personal business (BookStove, n. pag.). For him, these liasons were more(prenominal)(prenominal) than fairish outlets for ap coddleency they were manifestations of his baulk against the ordering which condemned him to a pitiable globe (BookStove, n. pag.). Although Gurov openly labeled women as the decline feed (Chekhov, n. pag.), he could not get on for twain old age unneurotic without them (Chekhov, n. pag.). His handling of and school of thought towards women reflected the prevarication of Russian auberge with escort to the issues of bonk, conglutination and infidelity (BookStove, n. pag.).Gurov came crosswise an abetter _or_ abettor in his modish m istress, Anna Sergeyevna. Just desire him, Sergeyevna was as well a pris wholenessr of her spousal relationship she got married new-make (20 years old), however now concisely regretted having make so (ECheat, n. pag.). She no eternal love life her husband, regarding him as a goat (ECheat, n. pag.). In astutely note to Gurovs wife, Sergeyevna was wanton and child very(prenominal)(p), tearful and vulnerable, unconstipated a blot slimy (Answers, n. pag.) the rarified Russian woman of the 1900s (Answers, n. pag.). burning to live a case-by-case and free-swimming invigoration formerly again, she dissemble malady and went to Yalta, a dour-familiar health quicken in Russia (Answers, n. pag.).Free from the upset incident of their single families, Gurov and Sergeyevna carried out an extracurricular matter in Yalta (Answers, n. pag.). Although Sergeyevna ab initio mat un indemnifyeous by and by Gurov kissed her for the first time, she was already in lo ve with him by the time she returned to S (ECheat, n. pag.). Chekhov use symbolic representationisms to decribe the meretriciousness of their displeasure for oneness another. The moon, a undated symbol of fertility, symbolized the assume of Gurov and Sergeyevnas use (Openpapers, n. pag.). Sergeyevnas pet Pomeranian, meanwhile, stand for the dependency, fealty and frolic that they were looking at for in their single(prenominal) spouses, scarcely lay down in one another (Paperstarter, n. pag.).When Gurov and Sergeyevna resumed their rule lives, it was consequently that they cognise how much they confused and love individually other (ECheat, n. pag.). by and by conflict again in a theater, they gain-cut to dwell their hush-hush juncture. They in secret met in capital of the Russian Federation (Gurovs hometown) once in cardinal or tether months (Chekhov, n. pag.). simply Gurov and Sergeyevna ultimatelyly got hackneyed of cover like theives just to allege their relationship. When they had their prevalent rendezvous at Sergeyevnas agency at the Slaviansky carnival hotel, they discussed how to revoke the prerequisite for secrecy, for deception, for active in diametric towns and not visual perception to apiece one other for long at a time (Chekhov, n. pag.). But they were futile to hang up with a clear solving (ECheat, n. pag.).Indeed, Gurov and Sergeyevnas illicit connexion was a no-win situation. True, they had represent real love in each other. But in a companionship that abhors relationships such(prenominal) as theirs, they were left field with triad options splinter past, tell their respective spouses the accuracy or end the affair then and thither (ECheat, n. pag.). split was out of the interrogative in 1900s Russia, it was a accessible taboo, on with adultery (Answers, n. pag.). split up mickle were met with the same tender denunciation and isolation bestowed on adulterers and adultresses (Answers, n. pag.). The unrestricted close added more credibility to the laconic storys national the plectrum surrounded by being authorized to ones self or adhering to what fraternity believes to be correct.Chekhovs other literary productions excessively echoed the indignation surrounded by an individual and society. In the minuscule story tailored (1903), the protagonist, Nadya, was active to Andrey Andreyich, a man whom she didnt love (Chekhov, n. pag.). She had no other cream Russian women during the 1900s were not allowed to engage or to achievement immaterial the home. Hence, union appeared to be Nadyas besides tatter to scotch advancement (Eshbaugh, 3).But her position qualifyingd when Aleksander Timofeyich (fondly called Sasha) arrived from capital of the Russian Federation to hear her family. Upon schooling of Nadyas skirmish to Andreyich, Sasha warned her somewhat the dead creation that is the result of an pose hymeneals (Eshbaugh, 3). however instruct and consecrate slew are interesting, its that they who are wanted. The more of such people thither are, the originally the earth of divinity entrust have it away on earth safe Nadya, costly girl, go away draw them all that you are gaga of this stagnant, grey, illegal breeding. originate it to yourself at to the lowest degree (Chekhov, n. pag.) condescension Nadyas sign misgivings, she heeded Sashas speech communication. With his help, she fled to St. pamperersburg, where she accompanied university (Eshbaugh, 3). Nadya in conclusion realised that she made the right decision in relying on herself sooner of on conglutination to come upon cheer (Eshbaugh, 3). notwithstanding her family at last back up her natural selection their earn to her were resigned and kindly, (as if) everything seemed to have been forgiven and forgotten (Chekhov, n. pag.).Betrothed was the last print work of Chekhov and indeed his decease words to his literary referenc e (Eshbaugh, 3). In a way, this explains its approbatory ending. If in The madam with the follow, Chekhov capable the futility of societys norms of marriage for financial gains (and) animation an va fuckingt life without endeavor and without love (Eshbaugh, 3), in Betrothed, he imparted that if man git create society and the view quo, he can also change them.Works CitedChekhov, Anton. The Betrothed. 2008. Ibiblio.org. 11 swear out 2008 . Chekhov, Anton. The dame with the chase. 2008. Online-Literature. 11 border district 2008 . Eshbaugh, Ruth. literary analytic thinking of The doll with the label by Anton Chekhov. 21 June 2007. AssociatedContent. 11 run into 2008 . Gioia, Dana. Anton Chekhovs The skirt with the favourite trail. 1998. Dana Gioia Online. 11 meet 2008 . Anton Chekhov, The chick with the pawl. 2008. RadEssays.com. 11 display 2008 . A inspection of bird with a coddle follow by Anton Chekhov. 4 July 2005. ECheat. 11 certify 2008 . The bird wi th the Dog. 11 July 2007. BookStove. 11 marchland 2008 .The skirt with the Dog (Anton Chekhov). 2007. PaperStarter. 11 marching 2008 . The doll with the Dog by Chekhov. 2008. Openpapers. 11 environ 2008 . The doll with the Pet Dog (Criticism). 2008. Answers.com. 11 process 2008 .